Living in a world of massive hard disks, huge development environments, and spare-no-expense product launches, it is easy to forget how efficient the software tools of 20 years ago were by necessity. And none were more efficient than Turbo Pascal.

In the early 1980s, Hejlsberg had written a command-line Pascal compiler called "Compass Pascal," which later became "Poly Pascal." Hejlsberg licensed the compiler to Borland International, where a new user interface and editor were added. Because Hejlsberg was still living in Denmark at the time, Borland shipped him the first available 9600-baud modems, enabling him to transmit builds to the Borland headquarters in Scott's Valley, California. Hejlsberg would develop during his day, when California programmers were catching some sleep. The team members would then talk over the phone at the beginning and end of each of their respective working days, and pick up where the other left off.

The result of this frantic development was Turbo Pascal, which shipped on November 20, 1983. As novel as it seems now, Turbo Pascal 1.0 was distributed on a single floppy disk and the total number of files on the disk was 10. In fact, the total disk space used was 131,297 bytes and the size of TURBO.COM including the integrated development environment with compiler, Wordstar-style editor, and run-time library was 33,280 bytes. (Turbo Pascal 1.0 and later versions are currently available for download at no charge from http://community.borland.com/.) When Borland placed its first ads in the November 1983 issue of Dr. Dobb's Journal and BYTE magazines, the response was unprecedented. Borland was on its way.

But it wasn't Borland's marketing (who can forget the "TurboMan" comic strip ads that first appeared in the November 1988 issue of DDJ) that led to Turbo Pascal's success. What was significant about Turbo Pascal was that it was inexpensive ($49.95 versus nearly $500.00 for its nearest competitor), lightning fast (a tribute to Hejlsberg's assembly-language programming talents), easy to learn, and of course, the first integrated development environment.

Until Turbo Pascal came along, writing code meant grabbing an editor from here, a compiler from there, a linker from the operating system, a debugger (assuming you could find one that worked), and using a Make utility to perform all the necessary steps. Sometimes it took as long to figure out how to compile a program as it did to implement the algorithms. Turbo Pascal changed all that. It is in this sense that Turbo Pascal's IDE was revolutionary and altered forever the way programmers worked.

After going through numerous revisions over a 10-year period, Borland turned its Pascal attention to Delphi in the early 1990s. By this time, however, the days of single-handed application and tool development had gone by the wayside — the systems were just too big and the pressures to ship the product too great. For Delphi, this meant that along with coarchitect Chuck Jazdzewski, Hejlsberg was chief architect. (Gary Whizin was also a key member of the Delphi team.) Hejlsberg acknowledged as much in a CompuServe message: "Back in the old Turbo Pascal days, it was possible for one person to write and maintain an entire product. This is no longer the case. Delphi was built by a team." And in fact, when Delphi 1.0 shipped, it marked the largest Borland team ever associated with a Pascal project. Throughout it all, Hejlsberg never saw himself as a computer scientist, but rather an engineer who, according to Jazdzewski, "is one of the best programmers I have ever met. The code he wrote for us was phenomenal."

Still, after 13 years in Scotts Valley, Hejlsberg was ready for new adventures — and Microsoft came calling. At Microsoft, he has continued in his role as architect, first with Visual J++ and the Windows Foundation Classes, and more recently with the C# programming language and Microsoft's .NET framework.

At Hejlsberg's request, and in his name, Dr. Dobb's Journal is pleased to make a grant of $2000 to a computer science educational program of his choice. Please join us in honoring Anders Hejlsberg, who once again reminds us that a mix of technology, innovation, vision, and cooperative spirit continue to be fundamental to advancement in software development.

DDJ

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