Dr. Dobb's | Team Develops Energy-Efficient Microchip

Team Develops Energy-Efficient Microchip

MIT and Texas Instruments researchers collaborate on ultra-low-power design

February 05, 2008
URL:http://www.drdobbs.com/team-develops-energy-efficient-microchip/206104355

Researchers at MIT and Texas Instruments have unveiled a new chip design for portable electronics that can be up to 10 times more energy-efficient than current technology. The design could lead to cell phones, implantable medical devices, and sensors that last far longer when running from a battery.

The design will be presented on February 5 at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference in San Francisco by Joyce Kwong, a graduate student in MIT's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).

Kwong carried out the project with MIT colleagues Anantha Chandrakasan, the Joseph F. and Nancy P. Keithley Professor of Electrical Engineering, and EECS graduate students Yogesh Ramadass and Naveen Verma. Their Texas Instruments collaborators are Markus Koesler, Korbinian Huber, and Hans Moormann. The team demonstrated the ultra-low-power design techniques on Texas Instruments's MSP430, a widely used microcontroller. The work was conducted at the MIT Microsystems Technology Laboratories, which Chandrakasan directs.

The key to the improvement in energy efficiency was to find ways of making the circuits on the chip work at a voltage level much lower than usual, Chandrakasan said. While most current chips operate at around one volt, the new design works at just 0.3 volts.

Reducing the operating voltage, however, is not as simple as it might sound, because existing microchips have been optimized for many years to operate at the higher standard-voltage level. "Memory and logic circuits have to be redesigned to operate at very low power supply voltages," Chandrakasan said.

One key to the new design, he says, was to build a high-efficiency DC-to-DC converter -- which reduces the voltage to the lower level-right on the same chip, reducing the number of separate components. The redesigned memory and logic, along with the DC-to-DC converter, are all integrated to realize a complete system-on-a-chip solution.

So far, the new chip is a proof of concept. Commercial applications could become available "in five years, maybe even sooner, in a number of exciting areas," Chandrakasan said. For example, portable and implantable medical devices, portable communications devices and networking devices could be based on such chips, and thus have greatly increased operating times. There may also be a variety of military applications in the production of tiny, self-contained sensor networks that could be dispersed in a battlefield.

The research was funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

Courtesy MIT News Office